Tools for Running Tree and Lumber Calculations

Jeff Brokaw is webmaster and creator of The Timber Buyers Network (TBN) which is a growing resource for people interested in forestry in the North Central States. His site hosts a fledgling forum and increasingly provides much needed information for forest owners and loggers in Michigan and surrounding states. Jeff has worked in the Wood biz for 22 years. His primary occupation is head sawyer for a large north central Michigan mill. Jeff is also an accomplished artist and has sketches on display from as far away as the United Kingdom. His interest in art is what led him into designing websites, and in a natural progression (for him), led to the creation of TBN . In his designing and messing with forestry things, Jeff, with forester Ron Wenrich, have designed several quick calculators to help you with simple estimates. You might never need your cruiser stick or volume tables again. Ill let Jeff describe each calculator: Tree Volume Calculator was designed to help answer the general question How much lumber is in my tree? This will give the landowner a close answer. Variables that we cant add, such as individual tree form, will always be a factor in determining volume. (Outputs in Doyle, Scribner and International scales)Use this calculator Board Footage Calculator is a handy little tool, not only in helping the landowner determine board footage needed for a project, but also a tool for the lumber producer to get a quick measurement on lumber sawn.Use this calculator Log Volumes Calculator is used to help a landowner measure the volume of a saw log just the way its done upon arrival at the mill. A specialized scale stick is not necessary, just a tape measure or ruler, and this handy calculator. (Outputs in Doyle, Scribner and International scale.)Use this calculator Tree Spacing Calculator is a great tool for determining seedlings needed per acre at a specified spacing, or estimating numbers of trees in a plantation setting.Use this calculator Hardwood Pulp Calculator will calculate the volume for non-saw log trees or Pulpwood. The calculator can return its output in cords, cubic feet, tons, cubic meters and metric tons.Use this calculator Lumber and Log Weight Calculator is a very, very, general estimator of weight by species per cord and B.F. It includes an explanation why weights can vary by many percentage points on similar volumes. Limited use for very rough estimates.Use this calculator Jeff is also the webmaster for several other forestry related sites. Those sites include The Michigan Association of Timbermen www.timbermen.org , The Michigan Forest Resource Alliance www.mfra.org and the Michigan Branch of the Sustainable Forest Initiative Programs website. www.michiganforest.com

Bio Anthro - 1721 Words

1.) In a plant having two carried alleles for the color of a flower in a gene, with P for purple and p for white, the three possible combinations which might exist in any one plant are PP making a purple plant, pp to make a white plant, or Pp resulting in a ‘hybrid’ plant. 2.) Out of the genotypes PP, Pp, pp, the resultant flower colors are (as described above in exercise 1) are purple (for PP,) purple or purplish-white (for Pp- likely purple as it is dominant, or a mixture of the colors,) or white (for the case of pp.) PP and pp, the purple and white flowers, are referred to as homozygous. In the case of PP this is homozygous dominant, and in the case of pp this is homozygous recessive. The case of Pp must be considered different, and is†¦show more content†¦Answering the second question, there is a 50 percent chance of a colorblind son; answering the third question, there is a 25 percent change of colorblind daughter. (Fourth:) There is a change of normal vision: a 25 percent of a carrier. (Fifth:) According to the square, there is no chance of a normal son. 7.) A: The genotypes are TTCC, TTCc, TtCC, and TtCc. B: The genotypes are ttCC and ttCC. C: The genotypes are TTcc and Ttcc. D: This genotype would be ttcc. E: This genotype would be TtCc. F: Such a person could produce TT, Tt, tt, CC, Cc, and cc gametes. Critical questions 1.) The difference between incomplete dominance and codominance is the level of sharing. In codominance the dominant trait is shared, while in incomplete dominance the dominant is not completely expressed in the genotype. Though the result may be similar in the phenotype, the cause of this is different, which is a reason that this concept is so important to understand. 2.) When a trait is sex linked, this means that it is linked to the chromosome of the gender. This does not mean the trait is passed through sex (however it is,) but rather refers to the X and Y chromosomes. Some traits are only specific to Y chromosomes or a combination of X and Y (or not be expressed when only onShow MoreRelatedCase Study814 Words   |  4 Pagessaid with a puzzled look on her face. You are modified as well? She asked, trying to wrap her head around the concept. From what she overheard in the board room about his company an what he had told her in the lab, she knew that his business was in bio-tech, but not sure how he became the head of it. She chewed on her lip as he spoke, glancing up as he stroked her chin.Well, what the hell, maybe I should. FX-01 thought to herself as he extended his leg toward her. She gave a sharp grin and reachedRead More Comparing How Various Anthropologists Discovered Anthropology as a Career2285 Words   |  10 PagesG. Cultural Anthropology. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1983. Hortense Powdermaker. Women Anthropologists: A Biographical Dictionary. 1988. http://www.primate.wise.edu/pin/legkey http://www.anatomy.su.oz.au/danLiy/anthropology/anthroSHY;1/bioSHY;graphies/thorton Linguistics. Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology: vol. 1, 1996. Linguistics. The New Encyclopedia Britannica: vol. 7, 1993. Mead, Margaret. Leaders of Modem Anthropology: Ruth Benedict. New York: Columbia

Weekly Topics Free Essays

Topics for in-class Debates Chapter 1 â€Å"Mason talked about self-actualization as the zenith of human fulfillment. You can only fulfill yourself by owning your future. That’s what entrepreneurs do. We will write a custom essay sample on Weekly Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore if you are not an entrepreneur, you will never be any good† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 2 â€Å"In order to succeed in business, you must first slay three dragons – family, friends and religion† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 4 â€Å"The ends will always Justify the meaner. If you own face book no one cares if you are a good bloke† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 5 â€Å"Anyone can be an entrepreneur. Ideas are like the police. There is always one around the next corner† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 6 â€Å"Entrepreneurs are made not born† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 9 â€Å"Entrepreneur or manager, you can’t be both† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 10 Mimi don’t need to be an entrepreneur to sell rice to China. You Just need a good advertising agency’ – discuss pro and against. Chapter 13 â€Å"A good lawyer can make anything ethical, given enough money and political influence† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 14 1 . â€Å"The best entrepreneurs are White, Christian and come from First World cultures† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 16 ‘Every plan fails contact’ – Erwin Roomer. Business plans are useless – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 8 â€Å"The bigger the ship, the harder it is to turn. You can’t change big bureaucratic companies internally’ – Discuss pro and against. How to cite Weekly Topics, Papers

Crisis Intervention Implementing Crisis

Question: Discuss about the Crisis Interventionfor Implementing Crisis. Answer: Introduction Implementing crisis intervention theory approaches into actual practice often faces unforeseen obstacles. There is need for both insight and foresight in order for crisis intervention to be successful. While applying the 7-task hybrid model for crisis intervention as advanced by Myer, James Moulton, 2011) is necessary, the process has a number of challenges. This report presents a definition of crisis the impacts of crisis, a description of the 7stage hybrid model for crisis intervention, the challenges of using the model for and the possible solutions to the challenges above have also been provided in the report. Explanation of Crisis A crisis refers to not only a traumatic situation and/or event affecting an individual or group, but also refers to how a person reacts to this particular event. According to Kendra (2016), a crisis includes obstacles, threats and trauma, and majorly, provides individuals with a chance to either grow or decline in their functioning. A person is said to be in a crisis when faced with an obstacle to crucial targets in their lives. Crises present as an upset in the equilibrium where an individuals customary approaches to problem-solving fail and thus resulting into disorganization, confusion, feelings of hopelessness, panic, sadness among others (Myer et al, 2013). A crisis could also be described as a perception and/or experience of events as intolerable difficulties which exceed ones individual existing resources and their coping approaches. There are different types of psychological crises. Developmental crisis as the first example occur as a one of the processes of ones growth and d evelopment through the different periods of life (Brown, 2007). Secondly, a situational crisis is the one that is sudden and is not expected. Further, existential crises include conflicts that relate to issues like ones purpose in life, general direction, and their spirituality. Usually, crises can be very obvious and include situations like loss of jobs, being divorced, and falling victim to an accident among others. Crisis Impact on a Persons Functioning The first category of crisis impacts includes the affective impacts. This category includes feelings that result from the onset and the aftermath of a crisis. For instance, survivor guilt among those who survived particular crises can be overwhelming for an individual. Survivor guilt persists longer in ones post traumatic life as they keep recalling the effect of the crises upon them and others who did not survive (Myer et al, 2013). Feelings of lost hope in life and in the functioning of particular social, economic and cultural systems are also among the effects of crisis. Disbelief as an impact brings about denial among individual victims and if not controlled, individuals may choose to avoid any initiatives to intervene in their situation (Kendra, 2016). Further, emotional numbing as an impact of a crisis presents with a breakdown in ones emotional wellbeing. As a result, individuals can choose to overreact or remain emotionless in response to a particular crisis. Secondly, behavioral impacts include first, irritability, anger and moodiness. Individuals become irritable in relationships between them and family, workmates, friends among others. Moodiness and anger can even bring up more conflicts in these relationships as partners find it difficult to cope with these individuals. Victims of crises such as battering, suicide and homicides for instance develop hyper-vigilance (Brown, 2007). In this regard, a victim can become too obsessed with ensuring that there is no factor that can bring about a similar crisis in the future (Brown, 2007). Further, individuals affected by crises choose to indulge in excessive consumption of alcohol, among other drugs such as bhang. Individuals have nightmares and sleep disturbances during and after crises and this influences their functionality in crucial duties in a particular work environment. Thirdly, the cognitive impacts include the effects of crisis on an individuals thinking patterns. These include also their physical, psychological and further, their social relationships. Individuals undergoing post-traumatic stress disorder present with social withdrawal (Kendra, 2016). Victims of rape and battering for instance choose to withdraw from their social relationship. This is brought about by the feeling of inadequacy and thus a need to be left alone to develop their emotional barriers to such stresses. Marital relationships sometimes break as a result of particular crises within families. Description of Myer, James Moultons 7-Task Hybrid Model Of Crisis Intervention Myer, James Moultons 7-task hybrid model of crisis intervention comprises of the different activities that individuals and related institutions can carry out in order to intervene in any given crises. The first task includes creation and/or initiation of the initial contact with a crisis client (Buda, 2008). The process involves establishing a connection between the two parties psychologically. It is normal that some clients may not talk while others can be uncontrollable and unaware of the presence of a crisis worker. Therefore, crisis workers need to engage in a way which can make clients receptive to particular intervention. At this point, the crisis worker establishes a therapeutic bond where they inform the client regarding their expectations and the intended purpose of interventions. The second task in the model is problem exploration where the intervening party defines the crisis. Definition of a crisis involves the identification of the real crisis and outlining the possible impacts on the victims and/or perpetrators of the crisis (Buda, 2008). This step also involves identifying everyone affected by the crisis including any of their special perception of the crisis impacts on self and upon their families. The intervention should thus narrow down to particular needs for the affected individuals and these include need for psychological, social, logistical and further, emotional support (Walsh, 2007). This determines the action points for the intervention program with an intention to ensure effectiveness and efficiency in the intervention exercise. The third task involves providing support to those affected by the crisis. This involves activities such as psychological, logistical, and social and information support provision. The intervening party relies on the needs identified to provide support and relieve to individuals who are undergoing certain crisis and those with post-traumatic stress disorder. Once a crisis has been clearly recognized and defined, it is usually easier to implement the intervention measures (Walsh, 2007). The intervention thus examines the primary support system of the client in order to provide them basic needs like food, water and shelter. These resources could be scarce and inaccessible to clients. In some occasions, the clients can be ashamed to seek for a particular support and thus unwilling to make an initiative to find self-help during and after a crisis. Fourthly, the intervening party carries out an examination of any possible interventions. At one point clients usually think that they have limited options. However, situational support, their coping mechanisms and positive patterns of thinking can help in brainstorming numerous alternatives. This process should be continuous as the clients conditions keep changing rapidly. Examining the interventions being implemented is a crucial task as it determines the effectiveness of the different intervention measures (Evans et al, 2011). This examination ensures that the interventions are in line with the necessary procedures and that they meet the expected targets. Interventions that have been successful need to be sustained, to ensure that cleints are comfortable and satisfied. The fifth task involves the planning aimed at reestablishing the control of the crisis. Planning in this case considers the already existing intervention methods and the individuals involved. Identification of necessary resources is done to provide clients with immediate support, and the development of coping mechanisms (Myer et al, 2013). Good plans should be created by clients and should be realistic in nature, behaviorally specific and immediately implementable. Further, plans enable a client to be autonomous and become mobile in seeking for support from the intervention programs available. According to this model, the sixth task includes obtaining of commitment from different parties and/or groups to averting the crisis in progress or in the future recurrence. Once planning has been effectively done, it is easier to obtain commitment from clients and stakeholders. The client should verbally summarize their specific individual plans. Where there is need for lethal involvement, the client should be asked to write a commitment to be signed by themselves and the intervention experts (Evans et al, 2011). Where there is no hesitation, the intervention workers should revisit the earlier tasks. However, it is necessary that crisis workers should not impose any commitment upon their clients. The seventh task involves a thorough follow up in order to check the effectiveness and the efficiency of the plans put in place in the intervention process. This involves a special inquiry regarding the ability of the client to maintaining both mobility and equilibrium (Walsh, 2007). This process helps in reinforcing the crisis workers support upon the client. It also helps in ensuring that the plan which the client has chosen to follow is pursued effectively. The crisis worker thus tries to help the client reconnect back to their commitment until they are able to cope with the crisis. Challenges of Using the Myer, James Moultons 7-Task Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention The 7-stage hybrid model has two main challenges. The first challenge includes a possible maladaptation of the belief system. In this regard, clients present with assumptions that are shuttered coupled up with ambiguous losses. Clients get overwhelmed by a sense of failure and undergo self-blame, feelings of guilt and shame among others (James Gilliland, 2013). Some individuals can be desperate and hopeless during and after the crisis despite the presence of interventional attempts upon them. Spiritual distress sometimes set in and clients experience the pain of injustice, feel culturally and/or spiritually disconnected as a result of the thought of punishment for sins. The solutions to this particular challenge include first, making meaning of the trauma and loss experience to the client. The crisis worker should attempt to normalize and make the client contextualize their distress. Secondly, the crisis worker must ensure that they give a positive outlook to issues around the crisis (James Gilliland, 2013). This should be aimed at instilling hope in the client and encouraging them to commit to the intervention plan. The crisis worker should also identify the clients strengths and affirm them. As a result, the client is encouraged to use their strengths to cope with the situation. One of the crucial objectives of a crisis worker also involves making the clients understand and accept things that can never be changed in their lives (Myer et al, 2013). Further, there is need for spiritual development and sustainability, where clients need to be encouraged to trust in their faith and take part in the spiritual rituals such as prayers. Another challenge facing the 7-stage hybrid model in crisis intervention include communication problems. The risks for maladaptation of the communication strategies include receipt and sending of ambiguous information regarding the traumatic experience (Evans et al, 2011). This brings about confusion in the planning of the necessary intervention measures for every client. Sometimes the clients and families can be secretive, the information distorted and followed by denial of the events among clients. Denial implies that crisis workers cannot engage the clients due to absence of evidence. It also involves a blocked emotional sharing which is an impediment to proper psychological counseling procedures (James Gilliland, 2013). Poor communication brings about a blocked approach to solving problems and making of crucial decision. Clients cannot come up with clear decisions on how to cope with the situation due to poor communication. The solution to maladaptation of the communication strategy includes first, ensuring that information sent to clients is clear and consistent. Clarity and consistency in communication prevents confusion and helps in making clear and informed choices among clients. There is need to provide messages that clarify the traumatic experiences as a result of a crisis and any related ambiguity. This enables all parties to understand their role in the intervention program. Crisis workers should engage an open emotional expression towards the clients and thus provide responses that are empathetic (James Gilliland, 2013). Further, there is need to ensure that clients take part in proactive preparedness and in planning the intervention. In conclusion, this report presents the definition and types of psychological crises, the affective, behavioral and cognitive impacts associated with these crises and further, a description of the 7stage hybrid model for crisis intervention. It also comprise of the challenges of using this particular model to not only the crisis workers but also to the clients. Mainly, the challenges include maladaptation to the belief system and problems related to communication strategies. References Brown, S., (2007)., Counseling Victims of Violence. Alameda, CA: Hunter House Publications. (2nd edition) Buda, B. (2008). Surviving Loss and Trauma After Suicide. Crisis: The Journal Of Crisis Intervention And Suicide Prevention, 29(2), 108-109. https://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.2.107 Echterling, L.G., Presbury, H.H., McKee, J.E. (2006) Crisis Intervention: Promoting resilience and resolution in troubled times. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Evans, D., Hearn, M., Uhlemann, M., Ivey,A. (2011) Essential Interviewing: A programmed approach to effective communication. Belmony, CA: Brooks/Cole. (8thedition) James, R.K., Gilliland, B. E.,(2013) Crisis Intervention Strategies. Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole. (7th edition) Kendra Cherry, (2016). Common Psychological Reactions to Traumatic Events. Retrieved on 6/1/2016 https://www.verywell.com/common-reactions-to-a-crisis-2795058 Myer, R., Lewis, J., James, R. (2013). The Introduction of a Task Model for Crisis Intervention. Journal Of Mental Health Counseling, 35(2), 95-107. https://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.35.2.nh322x3547475154 Walsh, F. (2007). Traumatic loss and major disasters: Strengthening family and community resilience, Family Process, 46, 207-227. Source: www.mentalhealthacademy.com.au

The Uncanny free essay sample

This Is where I directed most of my attention as the research from both Jennets and Freud was quite extensive. Ernst Jennets did his study on the uncanny prior to Freud and concluded the uncanny to be a fear of the unfamiliar based on Intellectual uncertainty. He explains the uncanny Is most easily created through writing fiction where the line between reality and Fulton Is blurred. Therefore, the uncanny can be understood as an uncomfortable feeling provoked In the reader through remission of information the reader cannot distinguish as real or imaginary.I find this fascinating as the author is aware of the information being true or false so they do not encounter this feeling, but, can evoke it in another. It seems to me that Freud took Sentences research as a challenge to further distinguish and define the experience of the uncanny. Its almost as if Freud was competing with Jennets by taking his research one step further. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uncanny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He analyzed Sentences conclusions and researched the words within his definition of the uncanny; familiar and intellectual uncertainty. He searched for a term to describe the uncanny in multiple languages to try and define a feeling. He concluded there are many languages without such term but he found the word Heimlich. Heimlich in German means belonging to the house, not strange, familiar but it can also mean the opposite. The opposite being unmelodic: concealed, kept from sight, withheld from others. This enhanced his definition of the uncanny to include that it may be felt in two ways: familiar and unfamiliar. Specifically he insists the uncanny can be felt to what is comfortable, agreeable and familiar, but also to what is concealed, secretive, and unfamiliar.Frauds essay does have much more to it pertaining to uncanny fiction and the factors It requires but the research is what I found most interesting. It illustrates the complexity of the feeling as we cant find the right words to describe It. The uncanny proves to be a feeling you cant quite define but can easily recognize. The Uncanny By Cattily-Robinson studies of the German words Heimlich and unmelodic. His studies into this were provoked through research done previously by Ernst Jennets into the uncanny.This is concluded the uncanny to be a fear of the unfamiliar based on intellectual uncertainty. He explains the uncanny is most easily created through writing fiction where the line between reality and fiction is blurred. Therefore, the uncanny can be understood as an uncomfortable feeling provoked in the reader through it requires but the research is what I found most interesting. It illustrates the complexity of the feeling as we cant find the right words to describe it. The uncanny proves to be a feeling you cant quite define but can easily recognize.

The Briley Brothers Killing Spree

The Briley Brothers Killing Spree In 1979, Brothers Linwood Briley, James Briley Jr., and Ray Briley went on a seven-month  killing spree  in their hometown of Richmond, Virginia. When they were finally caught, there were 11 people dead, although investigators believed that there were as 20 victims. Childhood Years James and Bertha Briley were a hard-working couple when their first child, Linwood Earl Briley, was born in 1995.  Their second child, James Dyral Briley, Jr. was born about 18 months later followed by their youngest and last child, Anthony Ray Briley. From the outside looking in, the Briley family seemed well adjusted and happy. They lived in a nice two-story home located on Fourth Avenue in downtown Richmond. Unlike a lot of kids their age, the Briley boys came from an unbroken home where both parents were directly involved with their lives. Helping Hands During their preteen years, the boys would lend a hand to some of their senior neighbors by helping tend to their yards or help start a car.  The general consensus around the neighborhood was that the brothers were polite, helpful and all around good kids. That same opinion was not shared by their schoolmates. At school, the brothers harassed and bullied the other kids. The brothers seemed indifferent towards adult authority and would tend to ignore  whatever the punishment  was that was handed out by a teacher or the principle. But when they got home, their father James Sr., was clearly the one in charge and managed to invoke a level of fear in his sons. Bertha Moves Away   The Briley brothers had two major interests. They enjoyed collecting exotic spiders and snakes like tarantulas, piranhas, and boa constrictors and they habitually cut and saved newspaper stories about gang activity.   When the boys reached their teenage years, Bertha and James split up and she moved away. The split was apparently  amicable  and without drama. It was also during this time that James Sr. was weighed down with growing concerns about how Linwood was acting and the influence he had over the other boys. He developed a sense of fear of his sons. Worried for his own safety,  he began locking his bedroom door at night from the inside with a deadbolt.   Orline Christian On January 28, 1971, Linwood Briley was 16 years old and home alone, when he saw his neighbor,  57-year-old Orline Christian, outside hanging up her laundry. For no apparent reason, Linwood got a rifle from the closet, aimed it out his second-floor bedroom window towards Christian, and pulled the trigger,  fatally shooting  Christian. Somehow no one noticed that she had a gunshot wound in her back and it was assumed that stress led to her death after having recently buried her husband. Then during a viewing her body, some of her relatives noticed a spot of blood on her dress. Curious as to why the family asked for a second examination. It was during the second examination that a bullet was found lodged in her back and a murder investigation was opened. An investigation of the murder scene led the police straight to Linwoods bedroom window. A search of the house produced the murder weapon. With the solid evidence staring him in the face, Linwood confessed to the murder.  In a flat, unemotional voice, the 16-year old said to the detective:  I heard she had heart problems, she would have died soon anyway. Linwood was found guilty and sentenced to one year in reform school. The Murder Spree Begins In March 1979, the Briley gang had a plan to do a series of random burglaries and home invasions. The plan was that the group would get in and out fast and not leave any witnesses alive. William and Virginia Bucher March 12, 1979- The Briley gang went to  Henrico County and randomly selected the  home of William and Virginia Bucher. Linwood knocked on the Buchers door, and when William answered it Linwood claimed that he had car trouble and needed to borrow a phone to call Triple A. Williams said he would make the call and asked Linwood for his Triple-A card, but when he opened the screen door to get the card, Linwood rushed towards him and forced his way into the house. The rest of the gang followed behind Linwood and they took control of William and Virginia and tied them up in separate rooms. They then went through each room and took any valuable that they wanted and saturated the rooms with kerosene. When they were finished stealing what they wanted, Linwood poured kerosene all over Williams legs, then lit a match as he was leaving the house. The Buchers were left tied up inside to burn to death alive. Somehow William Bucher managed to untie himself and he was able to get himself and his wife to safety. The Buchers are the only known victims of the Briley gang that survived their attack. Michael McDuffie March 21, 1979- Michael McDuffie  was the victim of a home invasion. The Briley gang forced themselves into his home, assaulted McDuffie and robbed the home and then shot McDuffie to death. Mary Gowen April 9, 1979 - Mary Gowen was walking home from a babysitting job when the Briley gang spotted her and followed her to her home. They then forced their way into her home and beat, robbed and raped her repeatedly, then shot her in the head. The 76-year-old woman managed to survive the attack, but fell into a coma the next day and died a few weeks later. Christopher Philips July 4, 1979 -  Christopher Philips, age 17, lingered around Linwoods car a minute too long. Assuming that he was planning on stealing it, the Bailey brothers forced the boy to a field where they beat and kicked him and then Linwood killed him by crushing his head with a  cinderblock. Johnny G. Gallaher   September 14, 1979 - Popular disc jockey John Johnny G. Gallaher was playing in a band at a nightclub when he went outside during a break. The Briley gang saw him and forced him into the trunk of his  Lincoln Continental, then drove to an old paper mill out by the James River. Gallaher was pulled from the trunk, robbed and shot in the head at close range. His body was discovered floating in the river two days later. Mary Wilfong September 30, 1979 - Mary Wilfong, age 62, was working as a private nurse when the Briley gang saw her and followed her home. Just as she was about to enter her apartment, the Brileys assaulted her, then beat her to death with a baseball bat, after which they burglarized her apartment. Blanche Page and Charles Garner October 5, 1979 - On Fourth Avenue, not far from the Briley home, the brothers  assaulted  then  bludgeoned to death 79-year-old Blanche Page, then beat and stabbed to death her boarder, 59-year old Charles Garner. According to investigators, the beating and murder of Garner was one of the most brutal that the investigators had ever seen. The Wilkersons October 19, 1979 -  Harvey Wilkerson and his wife, 23-year-old Judy Barton and her five-year-old son lived around the corner from the Brileys home. Wilkerson and the Briley brothers had known each other for years and were friends. The four would often talk about snakes since, like the Briley brothers, Wilkerson also owned pet snakes.   On October 19, the Brileys were in a celebratory mood. J.B., the middle brother, had been paroled earlier that day. Throughout the day the brothers had been hanging out on Fourth Avenue, drinking and smoking pot, and as night fell they began to talk seriously about finding another victim that night. They decided on Harvey Wilkerson, possibly because they thought he had been dealing drugs and wanted the money or his customers or both. Wilkerson was outside when he saw the Briley brothers and 16-year-old Duncan Meekins headed his way. He went inside and locked the door, but the group kept coming. When they got to Wilkersons apartment, they knocked on the door and despite his fears, Wilkerson opened the door and let them inside. As soon as the gang got inside they began attacking the couple. They bound them with duct tape and gagged them, and then Linwood Briley raped Judy while in close proximity to her son and husband. When he was finished, Meekins, who was considered one the gang, continued to  sexually assault  and sodomize  the pregnant woman. The gang then went through the house and took whatever personal belongs that they wanted. Linwood put J.B. in charge and left the apartment with some of the stolen goods. J.B. told his brother Anthony and Meekins to cover Wilkerson and his wife with sheets. They left 5-year-old Harvey on the couch. J.B. then ordered Meekins to shoot Wilkerson. Meekins grabbed a pillow and shot through it multiple times and killed Wilkerson. J.B. then shot Judy, killing her and her unborn child. Anthony allegedly shot and killed the boy. The Brileys didnt know that the police had the area under  surveillance  and were aware that the gang had gone into Wilkersons apartment. When the police heard gunshots go off, they could not tell where the shooting was coming from and started canvassing the area. They spotted Meekins and two of the Briley brothers leaving Wilkersons apartment. They did not think that it was connected to the gunshots that they heard. Arrest Three days later the police received a request to do a welfare check on Wilkerson and Judy. As they approached the apartment, they found the front door was slightly ajar. Entering the apartment they walked into a macabre scene that, for even hardened police officers, was hard to handle. Apparently, before leaving the apartment the Briley brothers had let loose Wilkersons pet snakes. Also left inside for three days to fend for themselves were two Doberman puppies. Before the forensic team could begin their work, animal control had to come and clear the apartment. But the crime scene was so badly compromised by the puppies that much of the evidence collected was of little value. Having seen the Briley gang leaving the Wilkersons apartment on the day that the Wilkersons were murdered, made them the prime suspects in the murders. An arrest warrant was issued for the three brothers and for Meekins. When the police went to serve the warrants, Linwood, his father and Meekins took off in a car with the police following close behind. Linwood was the driver and he refused to pull over and continued to lead the police down several streets. Concerned about public safety, the police finally decided to force the car into a pole. Once the car crashed, Linwood continued to make run for it but was soon captured. Later, they found out that the other two Briley brothers had turned themselves into the police. Interrogation At this point, the only crimes that the police connected the Bailey brothers to were the Wilkerson murders. With so much tainted evidence, they knew that their best shot for convictions would be if one of them would enter into a plea agreement in exchange for pointing the finger at the killers. Duncan Meekins was just 16 year old and his background did not fit that of a cold-blooded killer. He lived with his parents in a nice home; he was a good student and attended church regularly. With the encouragement of his parents, he accepted a plea deal where he would be given a life sentence with the possibility of parole in exchange for all the details surrounding the crime. If he kept himself out of trouble in prison, he was looking at doing 12 to 15 years behind bars. As agreed, Meekins began talking and not just about the Wilkerson murders. He also provided details about other unsolved murders that had gone on during the worse crime spree that had ever hit Richmond. Prior to Meekins confession, investigators had not connected  what they thought were random acts of crime. The rapes and murders happened in different areas around Richmond. The race, sex and ages of the victims seemed to be random. Victims of serial killers often share a physical quality. Gang-related murders are usually rival gangs. When looking at the people raped and murdered by the Bailey brothers, the only major link that could be found was the brutality and  viciousness that had been shown by the murderers themselves.   Interrogating the Bailey brothers was frustrating. They were arrogant, defiant, and liked to push the patience of the interrogators. When questioning Linwood Bailey about the murder of  Johnny G. Gallaher, he mocked the investigator and told him he would never be convicted of the murder because there was no evidence linking him to it. The investigators then brought in a retired detective to interrogate Linwood. He had been a longtime friend of Gallahers.  As the interview began, the detective noticed Linwood was wearing a  turquoise  ring that belonged to Gallaher and one that he always wore. In fact, the detective had been with his friend when he bought it. With that evidence and more that was slowly uncovered, the Bailey brothers were charged with various crimes and some of the murders. Guilty Linwood Bailey was found guilty and given multiple life sentences and the death penalty for the murder of Gallaher. J.B. Bailey was also given multiple life sentences and two death penalty sentences for the murders of Judy Barton and her son. Anthony Bailey was given a life sentence with a possibility of parole. It could not be proven that he was directly responsible for any murders. Linwood and J.B. Briley  were sent to death row at Mecklenburg Correctional Center. It wasnt long before the pair had profitable drugs and weapons racket going on from the confines of death row. Escape It has been said that Linwood Briley had a certain magnetism about him and the prisoners and some of the guards liked to be on his good side. The guards probably thought it was of little consequence to keep him happy. After all, they were in a prison that had the most sophisticated security system in the state. But Linwood had spent several years paying attention to how things worked, the wording that guards would use when making requests to other prison units, and which guards were the least attentive and those who were friendly towards the inmates. On May 31, 1984, Linwood managed to get a guard to keep the door of the control room opened, just long enough for another inmate to rush in and release the locks on all of the death row cells. This allowed for there to be enough manpower to overtake the 14 guards that were assigned to that block. Ordered to strip down, Linwood, J.B. and four other inmates put on the guards uniforms and after a series of events were able to drive away from the prison in a prison van.   The plan was to go to Canada, but when the escapes reached Philadelphia, the Briley brothers separated from the group and met up with their uncle who had made arrangements for a place for them to stay. The brothers managed to stay free until June 19, 1984, when information retrieved from a wiretap placed on the uncles phone left the authorities to their hiding place. Executions Within months of being returned to prison, both Linwood and James Briley exhausted their appeals and execution dates were set. Linwood Briley was the first to be executed. Depending on which version you read, he either walked to the electric chair without assistance or he had to be sedated and dragged to the chair. Either way, on October 12, 1984, Linwood was executed. James Briley followed in his older brothers path as he had always done and was electrocuted in the same chair that his brother had died in months earlier. On April 18, 1985, James Briley was executed.   Anthony  Briley  remains in a Virginia prison. All efforts for his release have been denied by the parole board.

Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Genetics - Essay Example In step 2, the aerobic endosymbiont evolves into a mitochondrion. This step is followed by step 3 in which a portion of the plasma membrane invaginate in the process of evolving into a nuclear envelope as well as associated endoplasmic reticulum. Step 3 results to a primitive eukaryote in step 4 that give rise to two main groups of eukaryotes. The primitive eukaryote shown in step 4 evolves into nonphotosynthetic protest, animal cells as well as fungal (Karp, 2009). The other group of â€Å"the primitive eukaryote takes in a photosynthetic prokaryote†, which later becomes endosymbiont that evolves into a chloroplast. In relation to this assertion, it is evident that endosymbiosis resulted to life. It is the one that led to the existence of both plants and animals. I more like my dad than my mom because I think the genes from my dad are more dominant those I inherited from my mom. In relation to this, it is evident that all mammals use majority of the genetic material passed down by males even though the offspring resembles and acts like the mom. Thus, my more resemblance to my dad is dictated by the paternal